Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre los síntomas depresivos en cuidadores y la presencia de problemas afectivos y comportamentales en los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Sujetos y Método: Investigación de tipo descriptivo correlacional, de carácter transversal. Muestra: 1.100 niños y adolescentes con sus respectivos cuidadoras o cuidadores de colegios oficiales de Caldas-Colombia. Instrumentos: Child Behavior Check List (CBCL 4/18) y Patient Health Questionnarie (PHQ-9). Resultados: La media de edad fue de 12,1 años. Según CBCL, hasta el 20% de los niños, niña y adolescentes presentaban altera ción en alguno de los síndromes para dificultades afectivo-comportamentales. El 34% de las madres y el 14% de los padres habían presentado alguna vez, durante al menos 2 semanas, tristeza, desánimo, depresión, pérdida del interés. Al aplicar el PHQ-9 el 32,4% de las cuidadoras y los cuidadores fueron clasificados con depresión. Las cuidadoras y los cuidadores con dichas alteraciones tienden a percibir mayor dificultad para afrontar su cotidianidad comparado con las cuidadoras y los cuidadores de niños, niñas y adolescentes sin riesgo (p < 0,003). Conclusiones: La presencia de síntomas depresivos en cuidadoras y cuidadores se relacionan con aumento de síntomas internalizantes y externalizantes en niños, niñas y adolescentes.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the association between depressive symptoms in the caregiver and the presence of affective and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. Subjects and Method: Descriptive correlational cross-sectional research. Sample: 1100 children and adolescents with their respective parents or caregivers from public schools in Caldas, Colombia.Instruments used: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results: The mean age was 12.1 years. According to the CBCL, up to 20% of the children and adolescents showed alteration in one of the syndromes for affective or behavioral difficulties. 34% of mothers and 14% of fathers showed for at least two weeks sadness, discouragement, depression, and loss of interest. When applying the PHQ- 9, 32.4% of the parents/caregivers were classified with depression. Parents/caregivers with such disorders tend to perceive greater difficulty in coping with their daily lives compared with parents/ caregivers of children and adolescents who are not at risk (p < 0.003). Conclusions: The presence of depressive symptoms in the parents/caregivers is related to an increase in internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children and adolescents.

Polyesters of xylitol and succinic acid were prepared yielding from 70 to 75% by enzyme-catalyzed esterification using a molar mass from 1:1 to 2:5 at 120 and 140 °C employing from 1 to 10% m/m of enzyme. Control over branching degree was achieved by tuning the reaction conditions (temperature, time, comonomer ratio, enzyme content). This one-step process from renewable starting materials avoids protection-deprotection techniques, as well as the use of toxic solvents by introducing limonene as solvent for polyesterification for the first time. All materials were structurally characterized by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, their thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the molecular weight of samples were obtained by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC).

Resumen Las cardiopatías congénitas representan un reto diagnóstico para el clínico, sobre todo si su presentación es en el adulto. Las anomalías de este tipo que se observan sobre la válvula mitral pueden presentarse de forma aislada o en conjunto con otros defectos cardiacos. Se expone un caso de hipoplasia severa de la valva posterior de la válvula mitral, entidad que en condiciones normales es fatal antes de nacer o muy sintomática durante la niñez, pero cuya presentación tardía es extremadamente rara y difícil de encontrar en el adulto. Este es el primer caso reportado no solo en nuestro país sino en todo Suramérica.

Abstract The congenital heart diseases are a diagnostic challenge for the clinician, particularly when they are presented in an adult. These types of anomalies that are observed in the mitral valve can be presented in isolated form or together with other heart defects. The case is presented of a patient with severe hypoplasia of the posterior mitral valve leaflet. This anomaly is, under normal conditions, fatal before birth or very symptomatic during childhood, and its delayed presentation is extremely rare and difficult to find in the adult. This the first case reported, not only in this country, but in the whole of South America.

Abstract: Skin disease occur worldwide, affecting people of all nationalities and all skin types. These diseases may have a genetic component and may manifest differently in specific population groups; however, there has been little study on this aspect. If population-based differences exist, it is reasonable to assume that understanding these differences may optimize treatment. While there is a relative paucity of information about similarities and differences in skin diseases around the world, the knowledge-base is expanding. One challenge in understanding population-based variations is posed by terminology used in the literature: including ethnic skin, Hispanic skin, Asian skin, and skin of color. As will be discussed in this article, we recommend that the first three descriptors are no longer used in dermatology because they refer to nonspecific groups of people. In contrast, "skin of color" may be used - perhaps with further refinements in the future - as a term that relates to skin biology and provides relevant information to dermatologists.

Sisyl radicals generated from frá(trimethylsilyl)silane were reacted with allyloxy benzaldehydes and the sequential radical process of was studied. After desisylation, the corresponding chromanols were successfully obtained